A pair of campaign chairs by Ross & Co. Of DublinAny furniture specifically made to break down or fold for ease of travel can be described as campaign furniture. It was designed to be packed up and carried on the march. It has been used by traveling armies since at least the time of but it is commonly associated with British Army officers, many of whom had purchased their commissions. With the rise and expansion of the in the 19th and 20th centuries the demand by the military, administrators and colonists increased.
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British officers of high social position in the and periods (1714–1901) often carried high-quality portable furniture.The most common item of campaign furniture is the chest of drawers, often referred to as a military chest or campaign chest. Campaign chests' primary wood was often mahogany, teak, or camphor, although cedar, pine and other woods were also used. The dominant type breaks down into two sections, and has removable feet.
The brass corners and offer some protection and typify the distinctive 'campaign look'.A similar type of furniture was made for naval service, and even for merchant ships, which allowed furnishings to be used in port or peacetime, but stowed out of harm's way in action, or during rough weather. Naval furniture is often extremely small, reflecting the cramped quarters available on ship.
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(Some sea-going pieces were also made for frequent travelers, or intended for permanent use after the journey.) Seagoing furniture sometimes has fiddle rails to prevent items from sliding off top surfaces; the fiddles were often themselves removable, with brass mounting sockets for the fiddle pins.Some items of campaign furniture are instantly recognizable as made to dismantle or fold. Brass caps to the tops of legs, hinges in unusual places, protruding bolts or X-frame legs all give clues to the functionality of the piece. However, some pieces were designed to be up to date and fashionable. In such cases, as much of it looked like domestic furniture, it is harder to see how it dismantles. Were innovators of campaign furniture design and much of their work is obviously Victorian in period. It only becomes apparent that their balloon back chairs dismantle when they are turned upside down and two locking bolts can be seen.
Anglo Indian Campaign or military chest Examples An old copy of catalogue will show that there was a large variety of items, from portable beds to collapsible candlesticks (also known as Brighton Buns), that were available to ease life for the soldier or traveller by the end of the 19th century.There seemed no limit to the number of items an officer would take with him if he could afford to and how well one's tent was kitted out was perhaps an indication of your social standing. Of noted on 2 February 1858 in his diary, 'Sir baggage &c. A portable games table, packed down into its top which becomes a box caseOne of the other main campaign furniture makers in the 19th century were Ross & Co Dublin who were considered ' The Victorian Army’s Cabinet Maker of Choice.' By the mid-19th century it was possible to buy a complete Barrack Room Outfit from several London firms. More often than not this would consist of a Douro chair with packing case that would convert to a table, a washstand that would pack down into a hip bath, a camp bed and a chest of drawers with packing cases that would form a wardrobe.Demise The beginning of the 20th century saw changes in the way war was conducted.
The British had been taught a lesson by the in South Africa who could move quickly and they discovered that their mobile units were not quite as mobile as they had thought. In 1903, the Secretary of State for War, stated, 'The British Army is a social institution prepared for every emergency except that of war.' The new century also saw developments in transport and the rise of the motor car meant that travel was quicker making it less of a necessity to equip yourself for a long journey. There was a decrease in the demand for campaign furniture.Portable furniture was still used for sporting events and shooting parties but it was less acceptable as an officer to have a large baggage train.
Appreciation of the furniture for its practicality in domestic life had grown as the 19th century marched on. Although it still had a market it wasn't as strong as it had once. Many of the independent makers of campaign furniture started to disappear in the early 1900s, superseded by the one stop shops such as and.While personal furniture faded from military use, field desks, field filing systems, medical and maintenance storage systems, and similar portable equipment continue in use until the present day; some show continuity in design.Legacy. A Paragon Chair c. 1900With campaign furniture by its nature needing to be both sturdy and efficient in its breakdown, it gave rise to good design that was often ahead of it time.
A number of chairs that we today consider to be design icons of the 20th century were actually inspired by campaign furniture from the end of the 19th century.The was designed by British Army Engineers stationed at the town of the same name in India. It became instantly popular for its simple but practical construction. Recognised its qualities and he made a version of the Roorkhee called the Safari Chair in 1933. The Paragon Chair folds down to a very compact size once the canvas seat is removed and the catalogue of 1895 described it as 'the most Portable Chair in the Market'.
This chair was first designed by Fenby and patented on 22 March 1877 but it has been re-designed since under different names. Italian officers used a version in Ethiopia in the 1930s which was known as the. In 1940, Jorge Ferrari-Hardoy, Juan Kurchan and Antonia Bonet designed the well known, made of dismantling metal sections and clearly inspired by the Paragon. Made a version called the Hardoy and today the sell a version called the Bush chair.Campaign furniture is evocative of luxurious travel and a time gone. There is more likely to be an owner's or maker's name on a piece of portable furniture than a domestic version and it is easier to put it into a social context.
The appeal of its nature has been picked up on and modern furniture made in a campaign style is produced by a number of makers today. Often, the consideration of portability has not been a factor with the overriding concern being to achieve the look by adding brass corners. Another group of manufactures have produced direct copies of period campaign furniture seeing that there is still a call for it today be it for safaris or the high-class camper.Good design will always be popular and this, along with many of the original reasons for the popularity of campaign furniture hold true today. It is practical, often versatile and naturally, very easy to move about.References. Retrieved 7 July 2014.Bibliography Wikimedia Commons has media related to.
Victorian campaign furniture - furniture used on military campaigns in the 19th century Magazine Antiques, Sept, 2000 by Nicholas A. Brawer. Camp Furniture of the Victorian Officer - Army Museum '81, Edited by Elizabeth Talbot Rice and Alan Guy. National Army Museum. Exhibition of Travelling and Campaigning Furniture 1790 - 1850, Phillips of Hitchin (Antiques) Ltd, June 1984. Exhibition of Furniture for Travel 1760 - 1860, Phillips of Hitchin (Antiques) Ltd, June 1987.
Ross & Co. Of Dublin: The Victorian Army's Cabinet Maker of Choice, Sean Clarke & Nicholas Brawer, Ireland's Antiques & Period Properties, Vol. 3 Summer/ Autumn 2004. War Cabinets, Amin Jaffer, Country Life December 30, 2004. At Ease Gentlemen: A catalogue of 18th, 19th & early 20th Century Campaign Furniture and Travel Equipment. Christopher Clarke Antiques, October 2003. The Portable Empire: A catalogue of 18th, 19th & early 20th Century Campaign Furniture and Travel Equipment.
Christopher Clarke Antiques, October 2004. Essential Baggage: A catalogue of 18th, 19th & early 20th Century Campaign Furniture and Travel Equipment. Christopher Clarke Antiques, October 2005.
Furniture Fit For Heroes: A catalogue of 18th, 19th & early 20th Century Campaign Furniture and travel Equipment. Christopher Clarke Antiques, October 2006. The Quartermaster General: A catalogue of 18th, 19th & early 20th Century Campaign Furniture and Travel Equipment. Christopher Clarke Antiques, October 2008. Nicholas A.
Brawer, 2001. British Campaign Furniture: Elegance Under Canvas, 1740 - 1914. S. Northcote-Bade, 1971. Colonial Furniture in New Zealand. Yesterday's Shopping: The Army & Navy Stores Catalogue 1907, Introduced by Alison Adburgham, David & Charles Reprints.